Gas burner



NOV. 14, 1933- BLANCHARD 1,935,346

GAS BURNER Filed Dec. 16, 1952 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Patented Nov. 14, 1933 Application December 16, 1932 7 Serial No. 647,615 T 1 This invention relates to'burners for the combustion of 'gas, primarily designed for use with industrial furnacesior'boilers and particularly for use with and burning of natural gas iri connection with thetypeof boilers ordinarily used oil field operations. 1

v The burner is of the type employing a mixing chamber-containing I axially extending baffles? therein for the'miXing o-f gaseous fuel with prip mary air? "The object: of this invention is to provide a frame; and an ass uni-ts ofthis type, which. will be light in-weight,

as easily assembled and disassembled for moving or repairs, and so designed that additional units "may readily beadded or taken'away to facilitate enlargement or contraction of the assembly to meet thedemands of the'particular installation.

Another object isto provide a'constru'ctionof the individual burner cups and a construction of the'frame which cooperate tocause thorough -and efficient' mixing of the gas with primary air beforereachi-ng the point of combustion and .withsecondaryairat the point of combustion and to control the relative quantitiesbf air and gas so as to provide the most eflicient ratio.

Anotherobjectof the inventionis to provide a I burner and frame assembly which will be ecodisa'sse'mble, light in weight, strong' 'and durable and "esigned so that the burner cups "assembled and held by it can be easily inserted/quickly 'assembled, and accurately held in alignment.

individual burner cup unitsof economical con- 'struction. v I j yAnother objectis the construction of a burner assembly frame containing-gas passages integral ious matter in the gaswhich sometimes causes trouble in burnerswhen gasis taken. direct from rat-orsfor the eliminationof impurities- Another object isto providea frame for such burner assembly so constructed as to provide a minimum of obstruction to the-flowef air *to theburners, ;j- While this burner isprimarily designed to 013- --erate withgas at low'pressure, that is, at pressures less than one pound'per square jinch, it'"is nevertheless so designed'thatut operates with equal efficiency, using gas at higher pressures,

-thatis, with pressures up to twenty-five or thirty embly of a plurality of" burner V.

economical to manufacture, 'strorigand durable,

Figure 5.

nomical to manufacture, easy to assemble and v Another object of the inventionis to provide .the oil wells withoutv being passed through .sepa- Lugs projecting upwardly from the Side,mem

bers 6, are inalignment with-ribs '5 and support alignment with rib 5-.

pounds per square inch. p

Figure 1 is a side elevation of the burner assembly showing the burner cups assembled to and' held by the frame assembly.

Figure 2 is a view 'of the burner assembly above, showing the top and the projecting flanges of the burner bases. Theframabeingbeneath these, andout of View in this'figure; s Figure 3' is a perspective view of themain body or bed of the frame.

Figure 4; is a cross section of the burnerassembly taken'upon line 4+4=-of Figure2.-

Figure 5 is a perspective View of oneofjthe burner cup shells. p 3 v Figure 6 is a perspective view of the insert'which goes into theburner cup shell illustrated in Figure T is a? perspective view'of one of'the top cross members of the frame which support and properly align the burner cups in proper relation tothe gas orifices in the frame. 3

The burner assembly isv placedat the lower. part of a furnace or fire box and a space below it is left vopenfor'the admission of the air' re- $0 quired for combustion. A wall of fire brick or similar substance is built up to and-beside the burner assembly so as to 'prevent the entranceof any air into the fire box'except that which passes w for" between the burner cups and through the slots formed in and by theassembled burner cup "bases. 1 The frame body, designated generally as 1, is '90 a unitary structure, consisting of ribs 4 and 5 and side members 6. These'ribs-l and 5 are of hollow tubular construction so that they serve alsoas V ducts or conduitsfor the passage of gas. This u I reduces to aminimum the number of elements of the frame, making theconstruction more .eco- -nomical and leaving a greater amount of clear un- "obstructed "space for the passage'of. air therethrough on the way to the-burners.

the cross members illustrated in Figure 7,. and 1 designated generally as 8, as'illustrated in Figure 4. Each cross member 8 is'exactlyf above and in These cross members 8 arefastened to the lugs '7 by means of countersunk scre'W-membersQ, which fit'in'to recessed holes 10 through the end of cross member-Band in tappedholes 11 within the lugs '7 I These screws 7 hold the cross "members 8 firmly: in place and erably cylindrical, andof a bottom maintain the alignment of the cross members 8 with the lateral ducts 5. Circular openings 12 in cross members 8 are above and concentric with orifices 13 located upon the upper side of the 7 frame ribs 4 and 5. The burner cups or mixing The mixing chamber or burner cup assembly designated generally as 20 in Figure 4 consists of a burner cup shell, illustrated in Figure-"5 and designated generally as 22, and of a burner cup insert, illustrated in Figure 6 and designat ed generally as 27.

These burner cups or mixing chambers are preferably cylindrical in shape and circular in cross section, although this is not essential and they might be square, hexagonal, octagonal .or any other desired shape in: cross section, without departing from the spirit of this invention.

7 The mixing cup shell designated generally as 22 consists of an outer wall 23, which is pref 24, which with flanges 25 forms a square base which fits and cooperates withthe bases of the other burner cups in the assembly. On each side of, this square base is anelongated notch 26 for purposes to be explained presently. Projectingthrough -the bottom of the burner cupshell is a tubular member 21 which serves as an inlet passage for gas-and primary .air'which are subsequently to be thoroughly mixed during passage through the mixing chamber. Thistubular member extends downwardlyfrom the bottom of the burner cup far enough to pass through the openings 12 in the crossmembersfi and to reach downalmost as far as ribs 4 and 50f the frame. Itv extends upward axially and concentrically in the burner cup shell almost to the upper end, but terminates far enough down to leave aspace beneath the top end of the burner cup insert when it is'placed within the burner cup shell.- o

Theburner cup insert is illustrated in Figure 6 and is designated generally as 27.. It consists of a wall or shell which is preferably cylindrical in shape and circular in cross section, though it may be of any other shape to conform to the shape chosen for the sectional area of the burner cup shell. At the lower end are lugs 29 which serve as supports or. legs and which: between them leave clearance spaces or notches 30 which occupy the greater part of the periphery of the insert wall. At the upper end isa top wall which completely closes the inside of the cylinder 28 and i which projects beyond this cylinder to form a circular flange and top 31. Aroundthe periphery of this flange are a number of semi-circular notches 32having teeth 33 between them. The

purpose of these notches andthese teeth as well as of the lugs and notches upon the lower end will be set forth subsequently. I

. The gas inlet tube21'may be of a constricted or Venturi shapegas shown in the center burner of Figure 4, or straight as shownin the two side burners of that figure. The constricted passage is'pre'ferred as it-facilitates the entrainment and mixing of primary air by the gas jet issuing from orifices 13. c I

V The burner cup insert 27 rests inside the burn- -er cup shell 22, as shown in Figure 4, with the top of 27 approximately level with the top of 22.

7 Alsoas explained before and as illust ated in construction 32 of the periphery of the-top 31 of Figure 4, the burner cup assembly rests upon and is carried by the cross members 8 with the gas inlet 21 projecting-through the openings 12 and depending below the cross members 3 and in alignment with orifices 13 in the frame members 4 and 5. T Gas enters the frame assembly 1 through gas pipe 2 and inlet3- and completelyfills and passes 7 through gas ducts 4 and 5, issuing from them through orifices 13. The small size of orifices 13 causes the gas to issue therefrom with considerable velocity and projects it towards and into the burner cup assembly through the entry passage 21. In passing through the air gaps 34 between the frame and the entrance 21, the gas by virtue'of its velocity is impelled to pick up and carrywith it and entrain aconsiderable'amount of air, -whic h is forced along with the gas'into the burner cup or mixing chamber. This is called primary air and the purpose of all gas burners is to secure as thorough as possible'a mixtureof gas and the primary air before theyreach the place of combustion, that is, the area in which the gas is finally consumed. The completeness and the uniformness with which this mixture is ac- 100 complished determines in very large degreethe quality of the flame which will beprp'duced when this mixture is. mixed with secondary air and burned. The ideal condition is to secure, very thorough mixing of the gas and primary airand to entrain and mix with the gas as primary air.

an amount of air almost but not quite sufficient-to support combustion, so that very little additional or secondary air is required when theplaceof combustion is reached. 7 This form of burner has E proven very efficient in that regard. Thegas and i the entrained primary air pass up-through the entering chamber until they come in contact with the top 31 of the gas burner insert which deflects them downward again alongthe inside of the gas burner insert wall 28 which serves as an annular baffle within the mixing chamber. Proceeding downwardly along, the inside of this wall they reach the bottom orbase of the burner cup shell 22 and aredefiected outwardlythrough the notches or openingsSO and then proceed upwardly through the annular space -between, the 1 wall 28 and the wall 23 until they reach the openings or notches 32 and emerge from .the mixing chamber or burner cup. The long .circuituous 7125,, route through the burner cup-and the number of obstacles andbailles encountered on thegway .therethrough causes exceedingly thorough mixing of the gas and theprimary air. The general principleof such mixing chambersis not original to thisdevice, butcertain features of the construction in the present instance are noveland original and serve to'secure improved results superior to those obtained with prior designs of this class of mixing chamber, and also servesto secure "1 85 economies in manufacture.

For instance, the long circumferential notches or slots 30 at the lower end of the burner cup insert wa1l 28 are more economical to manufacture and'provide a longer path for the mixture 'of gas and primary air than would a number of holes through this wall, as .is furnished in some prior designs of burners of this general type, and the notched the burner cup insert 27 is much more economical than'a number of holes around the top adjacent to the periphery as is found in .some burners of this type and ismuch more conducive to efficient combustionthan are annular slots, either continuous or non-continuous, which are used 150 in some burners because the barriers or teeth 33 between the notches 32 provide openings through the jets of mixed gas andprimary air issuing from the notches 32 and the secondary air drawn up through slots 26 can pass through these spaces to get at all sides of the burning jets and thereby provide more rapid and uniform combustion. Experience has proven that the flame is shorter and of somewhat better color with this arrangement than when the outlet opening is made continuous or when a lesser number of longer slots are used. Both the flame height and the better color of the flame prove that the combustion is more complete and efiicient with this arrangement. Also the shorter flame height will usually fit better into the fire boxes of boilers or furnaces in which these burners are installed.

At the end of each of the gas ducts 4 and 5 of the frame 1 is a removable plug 14, which may be unscrewed and removed to provide access for the cleaning of these ducts. This is particularly important in oil field practice because frequently the gas is run directly from an adjacent oil or gas well to the burner through a short length of pipe,

without cleaning or separation of the extraneous matter from the gas, such as particles of oil, water, sand, sludge, or waxy material such as paraffin which gum up or clog up the gas passages in the burner. These are usually deposited in the first passages encountered and are not apt to pass up into the burner proper and cause trouble there if the passages in the frame are frequently cleaned out.

What I claim is-- 1. In an apparatus for the eflicient combustion of gas, a frame and multiple burner assembly, burner cups with a combustion area encircling the upper periphery of each, gas supply ducts below said cups, air spaces between burners to admit secondary air in proper quantity uniformly throughout the entire combustion space at points adjacent to the combustion area of each burner unit, a frame assembly adapted for holding said burner units in proper spaced relation to each other and to the gas supply ducts, said frame assembly consisting of a unitary body portion, and of removable cross members containing holes for the insertion and holding of corresponding 7 members of the individual burnerunits, the cena minimum resistance tral portion of said frame consisting solely of said gas distribution members thereby providing to the flow of air into and around said cups.

2. In an apparatus for the eflicient combustion of gas, a frame and multiple burner assembly, burner cups with a combustion area encircling the upper periphery of each, air spaces between burners to admit secondary air in proper quantity the bases of other cups and to fill in a part of the space between them to reduce the amount of secondary air drawn therethrough.

3. In an apparatus for the efficient combustion of gas, a frame and multiple burner assembly,

burner cups with a combustion area encircling the upper periphery of each, air spaces'between burners to admit secondary air in proper quantity uniformly throughout the entire combustion space at points adjacent to the combustion area of each burner unit, square flanged bases at the lower part of said burner cups shaped to cooperate with the bases of other cups and to fill in a Y part of the space between them to reduce the amount of secondary air drawn therethrough, elongated notches on all four sides of said square bases which cooperate with corresponding elongated notches in adjacent bases to form slots for the admission of secondary air.

4. A multiple burner assembly including a frame with longitudinal side supports, tubular transverse members and an intermediate longitudinal tubular member connected with said transverse members, cross plates spaced vertically above said transverse members and having spaced openings therein, upwardly extending cups having an axial tube in each cup projecting above and below the bottom of the cup, a deflecting insert in said cup surrounding said tubular member, a radial flange at the upper end of said insert with marginal notches therein for the passage of gas between the same and said cup, said tubular members fitting tightly within the openings in said plates and the bottoms of said cups resting upon'said plates to firmly support said cups in position, said tubular connecting members having openings for gas below said axial tubes.

5. A frame, a transverse plate thereon having spaced openings therein, burner cups each having an axial tube therein projecting above and below the bottom of the cups, said bottom projecting portion fitting closely in said openings, at rectangular base plate on each cup fitting against the adjacent base plates and seated on said transverse plates, said base plates being recessed to provide air passages around said cups, an inverted cup-shaped insert in each cup surrounding said axial tube, the lower margin of said insert being notched, a notched flange on said insert contacting the inner surface of said cup, and means to support said frame and deliver gas into said tubes.

ALVA G. BLANCHARD. 

